Which term describes the formation of new species as a result of evolution?

• A. Speciation
• B. Allopatric Speciation
• C. Phylogenic Trees
• D. Endemic

Answer: (A)

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new species arise. It happens when populations diverge genetically and reproductive barriers evolve, so they can no longer interbreed. Over time, mutations, natural selection, and genetic drift accumulate differences, and reduced or no gene flow between populations allows distinct lineages to form. Allopatric speciation is a common pathway where geographic barriers physically separate groups, accelerating divergence; but the general term for the formation of new species is speciation. Phylogenetic trees show relationships among existing species, not the act of forming new ones. Endemic describes a species’ limited geographic range, not the process of speciation.