Which term describes the genetic variation within a population?

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Genetic variation within a population is a facet of biodiversity, which measures the variety of life at multiple levels and includes the genetic differences among individuals in a population. Biodiversity encompasses not only the variety of species and ecosystems but also the genetic diversity that allows populations to adapt and persist. The other terms describe different ideas: a population is simply the group of individuals living in a place, a species is a group of interbreeding organisms, and an adaptive trait is a specific characteristic that increases survival or reproduction. Since the question focuses on the amount of genetic diversity inside a population, biodiversity is the best fit because it inherently includes that genetic component.